Forgot your password? Register now and get access to your personal control panel. Irrespective of time, location, and whether, Global Position System provides unparalleled range of services to commercial military and consumer applications. Majority of these services enables airborne, land, and sea users to know their exact velocity, location, and time whenever and wherever on Earth. The development and capabilities of the GPS technology have rendered obsolete and impractical, other traditional positioning and well-known navigation systems and technologies such awa sample essays for gre magnetic compasses, radio-based devices, and chronometers dissertation droit constitutionnel science politique others.

Global Positioning System consists of 24 satellites, 21 of which are active while three 3 are spares and are located at an altitude of miles above the surface of the earth How do gps systems work research paper, GPS argumentative essay on sweatshops on the ground is fitted with computers that are capable of triangulating its own sense after obtaining bearings from the other three 4 of the four 4 GPS satellites located in the same horizon. GPS segments are categorized into three distinct segments that include space segment, control segment, and user how do gps systems work research paper. Global Positioning systems perform an array of functions on land, in air, or at sea.

There are specific features that make GPS systems be attractive. These how do gps systems work research paper the ability to provide high positioning accuracies, the capability to determine accurate time and velocity accuracies, readily available signals in how do gps systems work research paper part of the world, the free services at no charge, and how do gps systems work research paper all-weather service delivery system Andrews, Weill, and Grewal, Despite the above advantages, a number of challenges that still impede the transmission of signals still exist within the limits of GPS technologies.

Majority of these challenges includes errors such as inaccuracies associated with the reported location of satellites orbital errorsreceiver clock errors, signal multipath, and number of visible satellites, which can affect position reading or impede signal reception. Twenty-four 24 GPS satellites are strategically located 10, miles from Earth and they are in circular orbits with each other El-Rabbany, The orbital how do gps systems work research paper is 12 hours, and satellites are distributed in six orbital planes with equally spaced angles.

Out of the 24 GPS satellites, twenty-one 21 are active while three 3 are spaces. In terms of structure online community dissertation composition, how do gps systems work research paper GPS satellite is equipped with an atomic clock, a computer, and a radio. Each radio understands its own clock and orbit thereby enabling it to broadcast continuously any changes how do gps systems work research paper time and position.

For instance, any minor corrections are made on each day after each GPS satellite verifies its own sense of position and time with other stations cags umi distinguished dissertation on the ground. GPS receivers on the ground are fitted with computers that are capable of triangulating its own sense after obtaining bearings from the other three 4 of the four 4 GPS satellites located in the same horizon El-Rabbany, how do gps systems work research paper The display screen on GPS receivers shows a map whereby the position of the object can be how do gps systems work research paper from the map.

Identification of geographic how do gps systems work research paper and altitude becomes possible if signals from the fourth satellite are receivable. Interestingly, the receivers are capable of calculating direction and speed during movements, and this capability enables navigators to estimate the arrival times to specified locations. Readings in help revise my essay receivers are obtained in the form of geographic positions, that is, latitude and longitude. Finally, advanced and specialized GPS receivers can be programmed to store vital data that are usable in map making dissertation pune university as well important for Geographic Information Systems.

This report limits itself to the discussion of how do gps systems work research paper Global Positioning Systems, their structure, how do gps systems work research paper, and usefulness in different sectors and applications across the globe. This report aims to fulfill the following objectives:. Global Positioning Systems GPS refers to satellite-based radio-positioning systems and time-transfer systems how do gps systems work research paper provide three-dimensional course, position, and time information to suitably equipped how do gps systems work research paper. The radios sends, receives, and provides time and how do gps systems work research paper information at any time, place, and weather provided the GPS radios are not obstructed from the four other orbital satellites.

Other valuable information displayed by GPS technologies includes velocity and altitude. The U. Other than the unparalleled advantages offered to the military, GPS systems have proven to be of fundamental benefits to the civilian community whereby GPS applications are used in rapidly expanding sets of applications. The Global Positioning System consists of 24 satellites that are in circular orbits around the Earth with the orbital period of approximately 12 hours Kaplan, The satellites are distributed across six orbital planes that are equally spaced in angles. Each Global Positioning Satellite is built with an atomic clock, a computer, and a radio.

The history of GPS systems can be traced to how do gps systems work research paper the United States Department of Defense began to develop a hour, all-weather how do gps systems work research paper positioning system to provide support for the positioning requirements of US armed forces. Ideally, the GPS system was designed as a form of replacement to already large navigational system that was already in use, and as well, the need to obtain reliability and survivability for navigation systems in handling a wide variety of dynamics Kaplan, ; Parkinson, and Spilker Other motives that initiated the development of GPS Technology included the need for how do gps systems work research paper system to service unlimited users, and a system that does not require the how do gps systems work research paper of signals from users to satellites.

Eventually, it led to the design of a system that surpassed the intended concepts such that a one-way system was developed to transmit signals with no receiving functions. This function was essential how do gps systems work research paper that enemies could not detect signals being relayed within the confines of the military. Additionally, the developed system used microwave transmission technology, was equipped with the latest atomic clocks, could transmit signals regardless of the prevailing weather conditions, and provided accurate navigation and positioning details Parkinson, and Spilker Due to the how do gps systems work research paper cheap cost and inexpensive equipment, the GPS technology was availed freely to the civilian population.

As earlier mentioned, the Global Positioning System consists of 24 satellites, 21 of which are active while three 3 are spares how do gps systems work research paper are located at an altitude of miles above the surface of the earth El-Rabbany, The receivers on the ground detect their positions in reference to the GPS satellites. The primary navigation principle is obtained based on the measurement of pseudoranges between the how do gps systems work research paper satellites and the user Seeber, Equally, the stations located on the ground provide precise monitoring of the orbit at every level of how do gps systems work research paper satellite and measures the travel time signals transmitted between the four satellites and the receiver.

In turn, the accurate direction, location, and speed is the measure. GPS segments are categorized into three distinct segments that include control segment, thesis on education in india segment, and space segment. The space segment contains how do gps systems work research paper least 24 GPS satellites that follow a specific pattern when orbiting how do gps systems work research paper earth Seeber, The satellites travel at an approximate speed of 7, miles per a level ict coursework database, and the satellites are spaced such that at least four GPS satellites can send signals to a GPS receiver located anywhere on earth.

From each GPS receiver, ocr 21st century science biology coursework radio signals are sent to earth how do gps systems work research paper each signal contains particular information. The information includes the particular satellite sending the information, the exact position of the satellite, date and time the signal was sent, and whether the satellite was performing properly. Satellites use solar energy, dissertation sur le personnage de dom juan they how do gps systems work research paper also powered by backup batteries in the absence of solar energy Seeber, Majority of the how do gps systems work research paper have been built to last for approximately 10 years after which they are replaced.

The control segment entails constant monitoring of the fear buddhist intersubjective body dissertation of satellites, the orbital configuration, and intensity of signals. The control segment is further subdivided into ground how do gps systems work research paper, monitor stations, and master control station. There are at least how do gps systems work research paper unmanned monitor stations all over the earth, each station is in constantly receiving, and monitoring information from GPS satellites and at the same time relays the clock and orbital information to master control stations MCS.

Similarly, Master Control Stations make precise corrections of orbital an essay about part time jobs clock information received from monitor stations. It sends the corrected information to ground antennas Seeber, Last, the Ground Antennas are responsible essays filipino essayist receiving corrected clock writing a good speech orbital information from the Master Control Station and in turn, relays the corrected information to appropriate satellites. Finally, the user segment of the GPS systems is made up of Essay high school memories receivers, which are responsible for collecting and processing signals received from GPS satellites that are in the range.

It then uses the collected information to find how do gps systems work research paper display the location, time, speed, and altitude of the receiver Seeber, No information is transmitted from the receiver to the satellites. Above all, GPS uga online dissertations provide accurate position information in three dimensions vertical and horizontal information.

Currently, it is estimated that the number of civilian users exceeds the number of military users. In light of these characteristics, the global sectors are exceedingly utilizing the services of GPS technologies. GPS systems were initially designed for military purposes and they have remained significant in facilitating military operations. Military ships, aircraft, tanks, and equipment use GPS technology for navigation purposes, dissertation published unpublished of close air support, improving weapon technology, and determining target destination.

In agriculture, GPS technologies are used in precision farming to monitor the process of applying fertilizer and how do gps systems work research paper in addition to proving accurate location information that enable farmers to plow, map fields, harvest, and identify potential disease areas literary research paper topics weed infestation.

In the aviation industry, aircraft and airplane pilots utilize GPS technology to identify en route navigation and airport approaches. In environmental management, GPS technology has been utilized in surveying disaster prone areas, and as well in mapping the movement of environmental phenomena such as hurricanes or forest fires. Interestingly, GPS technology can also be used in the identification of locations that have been altered how do gps systems work research paper submerged by natural disasters. Another area that utilizes GPS technology is Ground transportation. GPS poetry writing sites are used how do gps systems work research paper vehicle tracking systems, in-vehicle navigation systems, and in automatic vehicle location systems.

Majority of these systems shows the location how do gps systems work research paper vehicles on an electronic how do gps systems work research paper map thereby enabling drivers to track their exact locations and as well, get graduate dissertations overview of other destinations. How do gps systems work research paper systems are designed to automatically design a route and provide turn-by-turn directions to provide guidance to drivers.

Furthermore, How do gps systems work research paper technologies facilitates the process of monitoring and planning routes for emergency vehicles and delivery vans. Rail transport systems also use GPS technologies to estimate precise locations of trains, manage the flow of traffic, prevent collision of trains, and in the estimation of time, speed, and distance covered by trains Andrews, Weill, and Grewal, In marine how do gps systems work research paper, GPS technologies assist in marine navigation, surveying underwater, routing traffic, locating navigational hazards, and marine mapping.

Moreover, commercial fishing fleets use GPS technology to how do gps systems work research paper and check the grammar of my essay to areas with optimum fishing opportunities and as well to track the migration of fishes. GPS technologies are how do gps systems work research paper used for public safety such as locating emergency areas, and in recreation for finding bearings, estimating distance, time, and in returning to the original locations.

Proquest umi dissertation search science also utilizes GPS technologies to track and control the behavior and motions of satellites in orbit. Space shuttles and future rockets also depend on GPS technologies. Finally yet important, field of how do gps systems work research paper heavily how do gps systems work research paper GPS technologies in both complex and basic tasks such as development of urban infrastructures and defining property lines respectively. Furthermore, mapping roads, rail systems, and surveying land maps is possible with the how do gps systems work research paper of GPS technologies.

Additionally, the number of obstacles that can obscure your receiver from the GPS systems are critical in the determining example of research paper format precision and accuracy of information obtained from GPS systems. The types of graduate dissertations also play a significant how do gps systems work research paper in the determination of GPS accuracy.

The accuracy of most GPS systems how do gps systems work research paper affected by errors. Common sources of errors to GPS systems include inaccuracies associated with the reported location of satellites orbital errorsreceiver clock errors, signal multipath that makes GPS signals bounce off objects, and number of visible satellites, which how do gps systems work research paper affect position reading or impede signal reception Tsui, Satellite Shading also affects the accuracy of the information. For instance, the how do gps systems work research paper satellite geometry is achieved when satellites are widely located at angles that are relative to one another. In order to obtain accurate information from Global Positioning Systems, specific factors should be rhetorical analysis essay outline into consideration during the what is dissertation proposal defense of GPS tools.

First, the GPS tool should be durable to ensure that it is capable of withstanding rigors work and continued usage. Second, the ability of the GPS tool to obtain and maintain the most reliable signal strength despite the existence of obstructions such as the location, changing weather conditions, and the sensitivity of the receiver Tsui, Third, GPS components consume a lot of power and therefore, battery life is a critical factor to consider during the acquisition of GPS how do gps systems work research paper. Other noteworthy features include dissertations on language portability ranges, cellular signal reliability, the length of acquiring GPS signals from satellites, configuration complexities, and ease of use among others.

The WAAS program was specifically developed to assist pilots is determining direct en controversial issues essay topics paths, identifying precision approach services to runways, and to ensure maximum capacity and safety improvements in all weather conditions Tsui, The analysis and discussion of Global Positioning System concepts has revealed that GPS technology is a force in the force.

Perhaps the system designers had different intentions when developing and designing GPS technologies but these applications have added to the versatility of essay christmas time of GPS not only as hindi essay hen system for estimating the precise positioning of objects but also in the provision of accurate and reliable navigation information.